论黄土沟壑区小尺度水资源优化配置的重要性

Study on the importance of optimal deployment of water resources at small scale loess hilly and gully regions

通过深入黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的腹地调查,对水资源特点、地形地貌特征、生产经营方式等进行了分析,指出由于该区域水资源量少、分布不均、缺乏常规水源;地形破碎、山高、坡陡、沟深、沟谷密度大;区域内农业生产只能在小流域分割的自然单元内进行、生产特别分散、规模小、以户经营、城镇间经济联系不紧密、彼此呈孤立的发展状态等特点,决定此类区域水资源配置与开发利用以小流域单元内自身资源为主,小尺度水资源配置更符合此类区域的特点。通过对黄土丘陵沟壑区水资源开发利用中存在的问题和国内外水资源配置研究的进展分析认为,目前在水资源配置方面的研究成果,主要集中在大区域及宏观水资源优化配置,对小尺度的水资源优化配置研究较少,可支撑和指导黄土丘陵沟壑区的小尺度水资源优化配置、高效利用的研究成果和科学规划的不足,开展小尺度水资源配置研究,对于指导该类区域的水资源合理利用具有重要意义,十分必要。

The present study mainly analyzes water features, gemorphology features, production and operation modes in the loess hilly and gully regions through an in-depth investigation. It is found out that the major characteristics in the regions are deficient water resources, uneven distribution and broken terrain（ such as high and steep hills, deep gully and dense valleys）. The agricultural production can only be carried on within natural cells in the fragmented basins with features of decentralization, small-scale, household-level, isolation and weak economic ties between towns. All the above points would lead to a fact that water resources in these regions should be deployed and utilized depending on their own resources in the cells. An optimal deployment of water resources at small scale can better meet the requirement of the characteristics of the regions. Analyses on optimal deployment of water resources at home and at abroad are mainly performed for large-scale or macro-scale regions. Little study results can be referred for optimal deployment of water resources related to small-scale regions. Therefore, it is significant and necessary to study the optimal of water resources for small-in scale regions, which is meaningful to guide reasonable utilization of water resources in these regions.