“5.12汶川大地震”医疗救治中医院感染预防与控制

Prevention and control of nosocomial infection in medical treatment process after "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake

目的针对特大地震后灾区医院救治伤员特点以及救治环境条件的改变,探索灾区医院感染管理及疫情预防控制的应急工作模式,降低次生伤害。方法组建"帐篷病区",设计"帐篷病区"感染管理卫生流程和方案,规范伤员管理并加强疫情防控。结果2008年5月12—26日,共收治地震伤员1 417例,紧急在帐篷手术室、清创室开展震灾伤员手术和非震灾患者急诊手术989台次,其中剖宫产、宫外孕等手术均为甲级愈合;开展污染手术950余台,1例气性坏疽特殊感染者得到有效控制,无医院感染流行及局部暴发,伤员间无一例交叉感染。结论在特大地震灾害"帐篷病区"的特殊医疗环境下,医院感染管理及时有效的介入,对预防控制疫情,降低感染发生率,提高伤员救治水平具有十分重要的意义。

Objective To explore the emergency work mode of nosocomial infection management and epidemic disease prevention and control, and lower secondary disasters in earthquake-hit areas after major carthquake according to the characteristics of medical treatment for the wounded and change in environmental conditions, Methods ＂Tent wards＂ were set up, hygienic process and plan for the management of infection in ＂tent wards＂ was designed, the management of the wounded was regulated and prevention and control management for the epidemic diseases was strengthened. Results From May 12th to May 26th 2008, 1 417 wounded persons were admhted in ＂tent wards＂, 989 cases of emergent operations were performed in earthquake-hit and non earthquake-hit patients in the tent oper ating rooms and debridements, the grade A healing were found in all cesarean sections and extrauterine pregnancy operations; 950 cases of contaminated surgical wound operations were performed. 1 case of gas gangrene infection was controlled effectively, no nosocomial infection outbreak occurred, no cross infection occurred among the wounded. Conclusion In the special medical circumstance of ＂tent wards＂ after major earthquake disaster, timely and effective management intervention in nosocomial infection is of great significance for preventing and controlling epi- demic diseases and reducing infection rates, as well as for improving the medical therapeutic level of the wounded.