三种昆虫甲壳素提取与分析

Study on Extraction of Chitin from Three Insects

以含氮量和灰分含量为指标,采用酸碱法对蝉蜕、中华稻蝗和喙尾琵琶甲中甲壳素的提取方法进行了比较研究,确定了三种昆虫最佳提取甲壳素的方法:从蝉蜕中提取甲壳素方法为80℃下与NaOH(6%)反应1 h脱蛋白、再在常温下与HCl(0.2 mol.L-1)反应20 min,脱除无机盐;从中华稻蝗中提取甲壳素的方法为80℃下与NaOH(7%)反应1 h脱蛋白,再在常温下与HCl(0.3 mol.L-1)反应10 min,脱除无机盐;从喙尾琵琶甲中提取甲壳素的方法为80℃下与NaOH(7%)反应5 h脱蛋白,再在常温下与HCl(0.2 mol.L-1)反应10 min,脱除无机盐;红外光谱与X-射线衍生分析表征的结果表明,三种昆虫中提取的甲壳素与标样一致。

The extraction conditions of chitin from Periostracum Cicadae, Oxya chinensis （Thunberg）, Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire were optimized by acid--alkali method laying a strong emphasis on the effects of NaOH and HCI on the removal of protein and inorganic salt. The conditions of extractions of chitin from Periostracum Cicadae were： （1）Removing protein： processed the sample with the solution of 6% NaOH ,80℃, keeping for 1 hour; （2） Removing inorganic salt： put the sample in the solution of 0. 2 mol·L^-1 HCI, keeping for 20 min at room temperature. Extractions from O. chinensis were （ 1 ） Removing protein ： 7 % NaOH, 80 ℃, keeping for 1 hours ; （2） Removing inorganic salt： put the sample in the solution of 0. 3 mol·L^-1 HC1, keeping for 10 min at room temperature. Extractions from B. rynchopetera were （1） 7% NaOH,80 ℃ ,keeping for 5 h; （2） 0.2 mol·L^-1 HCl, keeping for 10 min at room temperature. The structures of chitin extracting from the three insects were the same as standards according to the IR and X-ray diffraction spectra.