淡水养殖鱼体中氯霉素的安全性研究

Research on Safe Assessment of Fish in Freshwater Aquaculture Pond Contaminated by Chloramphenicol

以淡水养殖鱼塘中的鱼类为研究对象,采用碱化乙酸乙酯超声提取样品中的氯霉素(CAP),用C18SPE固相萃取净化,液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法进行分析,研究了同一鱼塘4种鱼类鱼肉样品及福寿鱼不同器官或组织对氯霉素的蓄积能力,初步评价其安全性.结果表明:同一淡水养殖鱼塘中4种鱼肉样品w(CAP)分别是福寿鱼(0.40μg/kg)>青鱼(0.22μg/kg)>鲢鱼(0.15μg/kg)>鲮鱼(0.13μg/kg),其中福寿鱼w(CAP)超过欧盟和美国FAD规定的检出限(0.3μg/kg),而青鱼、鲢鱼和鲮鱼符合该检测标准,可安全食用;福寿鱼不同器官或组织的w(CAP)从高到低依次是鱼鳃1.07μg/kg,鱼头0.79μg/kg,鱼肠0.67μg/kg,鱼鳞0.52μg/kg,鱼肉0.40μg/kg,鱼骨0.13μg/kg,只有鱼骨中的w(CAP)符合欧盟和美国FAD规定的安全标准.

The concentrations of chloramphenicol （CAP） in fish from freshwater aquaculture pond were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. The CAP of fish samples were extracted with basified ethyl acetate and purified by C18 solid phase extraction cartridges. The variety of concentrations of CAP was observed in different tissues and different families. The results show that there were four kinds of fish in the same pond including Tilapia, Herring, Silver carp and Dace. Their concentrations of CAP were Tilapia（0.40 μg/kg） 〉 Herring（0.22 μg/kg） 〉 Silver carp（0.15 μg/kg） 〉 Dace （0.13 μg/kg）. The concentration of CAP in Tilapia exceeded the inspected standard of European Union and FAD of USA（0.30 μg/kg）, but the others were under the standard. In Tilapia, CAP was mainly accumulated in the gill which was 1.07 μg/kg; the next was in the head, it was 0.79 μg/kg; and there was 0.67 μg/kg in the intestine and 0.52 μg/kg in squama; there was less in the fish which was 0.40 μg/kg and there was the least in the bone which was 0.13 μg/kg. Only the concentration of CAP in the bone for Tilapia was the edible safety.