美日俄中四国地震医疗救援应急管理比较

A Comparative Study of Medical Emergency Rescue System during Earthquakes in America,Japan,Russia and China

目的分析比较美国、日本、俄罗斯和中国地震医疗救援应急管理系统,为提高我国抗震减灾医疗应急救援管理能力提供参考。方法计算机检索美国、日本、俄罗斯和中国各官方网站,WHO网站,CNKI、OVID、Cochrane Library数据库及主流媒体上与地震医疗救援应急管理系统相关的信息,归纳、总结和比较各国医疗应急管理机制、法制管理、防范措施和绩效。结果美日俄三国注重危机管理,实行联动管理,有较完善的法律保障;日美两国在日常防范措施上做得最全面,效果最好;我国应急管理结构与各国相似,但投入不足,运行机制与管理不成熟,防范措施不够全面,绩效不理想。结论我国医疗应急管理体系建设亟待加强。在借鉴上述三国经验的同时,应结合我国国情国策,建立合理的医疗救援应急体系。

Objective To compare the medical emergency rescue systems used during earthquakes in America, Japan, Russia and China; so as to provide reference material for the establishment and improvement of such a system in China. Methods We searched the official websites of China, America, Japan and Russia, WHO.int, CNKI, OVID, The Cochrane Library and other authoritative sources to collect information involving the medical emergency rescue systems used during earthquakes. The mechanism, legal management, preventive measures and performance of each country＇s medical emergency rescue system were summarized and compared. Results Crisis management, integrated action and legal support were highly emphasized in America, Japan and Russia. America and Japan have performed well in implementing routine preventive measures. The organizational structure of the medical emergency rescue system in China was similar to that of the other countries, but its performance was not satisfactory due to insufficient financial support, poor management, inefficient operational mechanism and poor preventive measures. Conclusion There is an urgent need for China to reinforce its medical emergency rescue system. Different models should be taken into account because of the different regional situations in China.