汶川地震后德阳极重灾区预防性消毒工作调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Prophlactical Disinfection in Deyang Disaster Areas after Wenchuan Earthquake

目的通过现场调查汶川地震极重灾区德阳部分乡镇灾后预防性消毒情况,为灾后卫生防疫指挥和现场工作预案提供依据。方法采用方便抽样方法,使用报表资料和自制的"德阳市地震灾后防病措施阶段性工作消杀灭评估表"现场调查德阳灾区25个乡镇的107个村、17个灾民安置点的消毒剂种类、来源、消毒培训情况、消毒范围和面积等。结果消毒剂(当地采购4%、国家调拨89.5%、社会捐赠6.5%)种类繁多,规格包装不一。由各级CDC对参加预防性消毒的所有防保人员和88%的受灾地区居民进行消毒技术培训后完成预防性消毒工作。极重灾区、重灾区和城区预防性消毒比率递减。截至震后第38天总消毒覆盖面积为986553316m2,极重灾区绵竹占85.09%,约为其非森林覆盖幅员面积的1.26倍。结论应急状态下正确选定消毒对象、合理组织消毒、有效培训消毒人员,完善消毒剂储备、调拨、运输和审计机制,远比消毒技术本身更有现实和长远意义。

Objective To provide the evidence for anti-epidemic command and developing response plan through investigation on prophlactical disinfection in Deyang, the worst-hit areas after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods We used convenient sampling together with the report forms and the self-made questionnaire to collect information from 107 villages and 17 settlement spots for the disaster victims in 25 towns in Deyang disaster area. Results There were a total of 6 kinds of disinfectant, including the chlorine disinfectant, 2 kinds of peroxide disinfectant and 2 other types of disinfectant, whichwere delivered the Deyang disaster area through the National ＆ Province CDC system allocation or the None-Goverment Organization donation. From May 17 to June 9, the large-scale preventive disinfection was carried out in the disaster area, covering tap water, the restroom and the latrine pit, trash, environment and sewage. All personnel who conducted the disinfection for prevention and public health in the villages and towns received the technical training for disinfection. Conclusion Various disinfectant types and difference specifications cause trouble in the training of manpower and the use of disinfectant. Preventive disinfection in the most serious disaster areas is better than in serious disaster areas. The main channel of obtaining the disinfectant is through the National ＆ Province CDC. The daily-report system of the disinfected areas may monitor the progress of disinfectant use. The suitable disinfection may prevent the public health secondary disaster and protect the environment effectively.