人的回归——西方管理理论的发展历程与现实启示

People first——The development and realistic enlightenment of western management theories

自20世纪80年代以来,管理理论层出不穷,管理工具不断进化,管理学得到了极大的发展。西方管理理论将朝着什么方向发展,是一个值得深思的问题。通过回顾西方管理理论的发展,以人性假设为研究线索,采用查阅文献资料的方法,鉴往而知来,从而对这一问题进行回答。西方管理理论的发展可以分为五个阶段,对人的认识经历了由"经济人"假设发展到"社会人"假设的过程。西方管理理论的每一次进步,实际上就是对人的重新认识。西方管理理论的发展历程给现实的启示是:管理中要正确认识人;重视企业文化,进行人本管理;从东方管理哲学中汲取智慧,从而更好地指导管理实践。

Management theories have emerged in an endless stream. Management tools have been evolving and management science has developed rapidly since the 1980s. Which direction will western management theories develop in？ To answer this question by dating back to the development of western management theories, looking on the assumption about human nature as the clue of the research and using the way of looking up materials. Use the experience in ancient times for reference to learn future. The development of western management theories could be divided into five stages. It experienced from economic man to social man in the understanding of human beings. Actually, every advancement of western management theories is the reknow of human beings. The realistic enlightenment that the development of western management theories brings includes having a correct understanding of people in your management, paying great attention to the culture of enterprises, carrying on the humanist management and absorbing the wisdom of western management philosophy to guide the practice better.