钾与钙、硼混合喷施对龙眼果实品质及耐贮性的影响

Effects of spray the potassium cooperated with calcium and boron on quality and storability of longan fruits

在果园土壤低硼条件下,以储良龙眼为试材,连续2年研究钾与钙、硼混合喷施对龙眼果实品质及耐贮藏性的影响。结果表明,在龙眼假种皮发育期间,树冠分别喷施0.3%KH2PO4、0.3%KH2PO4+1%CaCl2、0.3%KH2PO4+0.2%H3BO3溶液3次,可显著增大成熟龙眼果型、提高果实组织鲜重,以及增加果实的可食率、果肉可溶性固形物和糖含量,并促进果实组织对Ca、B的吸收积累,显著提高果实组织K含量,其中喷施0.3%KH2PO4+0.2%H3BO3溶液的效果尤为显著;在30±2℃条件下贮藏,3个处理均降低了贮藏期间果实失重率,提高好果率,减缓了果肉营养成分含量的下降,其中喷施0.3%KH2PO4+1%CaCl2、0.3%KH2PO4+0.2%H3BO3溶液的效果较为显著;钾、钙、硼营养对于提高龙眼果实的耐贮性和维持贮藏过程中果实品质有一定作用。

A field experiment was conducted for two years on longan to study the effects of spray the potassium （K） cooperated with calcium （Ca） and boron （B） on fruit quality and storability of longan grown in red soil orchard with low B concentration.In the experiment, 0.3% KH2PO4, 0.3% KH2PO4 ＋ 1% CaCl2 and 0.3% KH2PO4 ＋ 0.2% HaBO3 solutions was spray three times on foliar respectively at stage of longan aril development. The results showed that spray 0.3% KH2PO4 or 0.3% KH2PO4 ＋ 1% CaCl2, especially spray 0.3% KH2PO4 ＋ 0.2% H3BO3 had greatly increased fruit size, single fiuit weight, edible rate, soluble solids and soluble sugars content of longan fruits; they were also significantly increased content of K in fruits, promoted absorption of Ca and B in fruits. Furthermore, stored at 30 ± 2℃, the three treatments effectively reduced weight loss of fruit, increased rate of healthy fruit, and modified the decrease of soluble solids, sugars, acidity and Vc content of flesh during storagethe, but effect of spray 0.3% KH2PO4 ＋ 1% CaCl2 and 0.3% KH2PO4 ＋ 0.2% HaBO3 solotions on storability was better than spray 0.3% KH2PO4. It suggests that applying K cooperated with Ca and B could increase quality and improve storability of longan fruits during storage.