苗期日照长度对红小豆生育特性和产量的影响

Effects of Day-Length at Seedling Stage on Growth, Development and Yield of Adzuki Bean

【目的】研究苗期日照长度对红小豆的成花特性,及对植株中后期的生长发育、形态指标和产量形成的影响。【方法】常规生理指标测定方法测定叶片中生理参数;采用常规方法调查开花期及开花数、植株形态指标及产量性状。【结果】短日处理使供试红小豆的生育期缩短、株高降低、茎粗和生育期间最大LAI变小,且表现为短日处理强度和处理时间的剂量效应。与早熟品种冀红8937相比,中晚熟品种冀红4号生育期、株高和茎粗受日照长度处理的影响更大。短日处理使供试品种的花期明显提早,开花期持续天数延长;与冀红8937相比,冀红4号受到短日的促进效应更为明显。短日处理使冀红8937的开花总量减少,而使冀红4号增多。对叶片的叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量的影响与生育时期有关,在开花期,短日处理对上述生理指标无明显影响;在结荚期,使叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和可溶性蛋白含量下降,可溶性糖含量增加。短日处理使单株结实粒数下降,百粒重呈下降趋势,产量降低。【结论】苗期短日处理不仅影响红小豆的成花特性,而且对于植株中后期的植株生长发育、形态学指标和产量形成具有明显的调控效应。

[ Objective ] The aim of the experiment is to study the effects of short day-length treatment at seedling stage on the flower differentiation and formation characteristics, the growth and development at mid-late growth stage, phenotypic traits and yield components and yield of adzuki bean. [Method] The leaf physiological parameters were analyzed by conventional physiological techniques. The plant phenotypic traits, yield components and yield, and the flower number were measured by routine analysis methods. [Result] Short day-length resulted in the decrease of whole growth stages,plant height at maturity stage,stem diameters and maximum leaf area index （LAI） in the tested adzuki bean cultivars. The degree of decrease of the above traits were shown to be dose effects depending on the day-length and treatment times. Compared to Jihong8937, the early-maturity cultivar, there were much more effects of short day-length on whole growth stage, plant height at maturity stage and stem diameter in Jihong4, the late-maturity cultivar. Short day-length treatments caused the plants enter flowering stage and the time to terminate the flowering early, respectively, but delayed the duration between initiation flowering time to flowering termination. Compared to Jihong8937, the flowering characteristics were promoted by short day-length in Jihong4. The total flower number per plant regulated by short day-length were not identical in the two tested cultivars, with decrease in Jihong8937 and increase in Jihong4. Meanwhile, the leaf physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content were not affected by short day-length at flowering stage, but the above parameters except soluble sugar content which was higher, the other parameters were all decreased at the podding stage. The grain number per plant and yield were obviously decreased and the 100-grain weight at maturity showed the same tendency regulated by short day-length. [ Conclusion ] The short day-length treatment at seedling stage not only affected the flower differentiation and formation characteristics, but also regulated the growth and development at mid-late growth stage, phenotypic traits and yield components and yield in adzuki bean.