覆盖与间作对亚热带丘陵茶园生态的综合调控效果

Integrative Ecological Effects of Straw Mulching and Intercropping with White Clover in Young Tea Plantation in Subtropical Hilly Region

【目的】研究覆盖稻草与间作白三叶草对亚热带丘陵幼龄茶园的生态综合调控效果及对茶叶品质和产量的影响。【方法】以常规管理茶园(清耕茶园)为对照,连续4a进行大田对比试验,并采用DPS分析软件对数据进行显著性分析。【结果】两种生物措施均降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤有机质含量,影响了土壤养分的供应状况,提高了茶树土壤关键层次(0～20cm)和关键时期(4～6月)的水分含量,获得了不同观察时刻、不同深度土壤温度的多种调控效果,延缓和缩短了高温和干旱时间,抑制了杂草的生长,增加了天敌的种类和种群数量,减少了虫害发生率,促进了蚯蚓的生长,使茶树-立地环境-伴生生物群落处于良好的自我动态调节状态。【结论】两种生物措施综合调控了茶园生态环境,改善了茶叶品质,显著增加了茶叶产量,间作白三叶草的效果更好。

[ Objective ] Integrated ecological effects of straw mulching and intercropping with white clover as well as impacts on the quality and yield of tea were studied in young tea plantation in subtropical hilly region. [ Method ] Compared to general tea plantation （i.e. clean tillage tea plantation）, continuous 4 years＇ field contrast experiments have been done and all the data have been analyzed by DPS software. [ Result ] Both of the two biological measures improved soil physical properties and soil fertility. They increased the soil water content in key layer （0-20 cm） and during key time （April to June）, postponed and shortened the period of drought with high temperature. They had multiple dynamic effects on soil temperature of different observation times and different depths. Meanwhile, both of them suppressed weeds, enriched the kinds and population of natural enemies and then reduced the incident rate of insect infestation, boosted the growth of earthworms. [ Conclusion ] As the integrated ecological effects, both white clover and rice straw mulch finally improved the quality of tea, incredibly increased the yield; Overall, the effect of intercropping white clover was better than that of straw mulching.