国际植物新品种保护联盟茶树新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性测试指南的制订

Preparation of the UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability——Tea Plant

植物新品种特异性(distinctness)、一致性(uniformity)和稳定性(stability)(简称DUS)测试是新品种保护的技术基础和授权的科学依据。DUS测试指南既是指导测试机构开展DUS测试工作的技术手册,同时还是审批机关审查新品种DUS的技术标准。茶树是原产中国的一种重要的木本经济植物。国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)茶树新品种DUS测试指南是中国为UPOV制订的第一个DUS测试指南。本文详细地论述了UPOV茶树DUS测试指南的适用对象、测试性状的选择与确定、性状分级与标准品种的选用、茶树DUS判定标准,并提出了开展茶树新品种保护的设想。UPOV茶树DUS测试指南的制订对促进中国植物新品种保护事业的发展,提高中国在国际植物新品种保护领域的地位等均有积极意义。

Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability （DUS for short） testing is the technical base of Plant Variety Protection （PVP） and the scientific basis for the approval of Plant Breeder＇s Rights （PBR）. DUS Test Guidelines are not only the technical manuals for the DUS testing authorities to conduct the testing, but also the technical standards for the competent authorities to examine the DUS of new varieties of plants. Tea plant, which is originated from China, is a very important woody cash species in the world. UPOV （International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants） DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant is the first DUS Test Guidelines prepared by China for the UPOV. In this paper, the subject, selection and adoption of characteristics, states of expression and selection of example varieties, assessment of DUS of the UPOV Test Guidelines for tea plant were elucidated in detail. Finally, proposals for PVP of tea plant in China was also proposed. The preparation of UPOV DUS Test Guidelines for tea plant will have imoortant significance both for oromoting the develooment of PVP and increasing the status of international PVP fields for China.