重新犯罪行为与童年期创伤的关系

Re-offending Behaviors and Childhood Trauma

目的:探讨累犯重新犯罪行为的相关心理因素,为累犯的心理矫治及其重新犯罪行为的预防提供理论依据。方法:采用父母教育方式评价量表、童年期创伤史问卷及防御方式问卷对100名在押服刑累犯和103名初犯分别进行调查,并对相关因素进行主成分分析。结果:童年期创伤史问卷各因子评分均是累犯高于初犯(如情感虐待:8.6±3.8/7.4±3.4,P=0.013)。父母教养方式评价量表中除父亲偏爱、过度保护和母亲惩罚严厉因子评分差异无统计学意义外,其余各因子均存在统计学差异(如,父亲情感温暖理解:43.3±6.5/45.7±7.1,P=0.011)。防御方式问卷中除掩饰因子外,其余因子差异均有统计学意义(如,不成熟型防御机制:5.3±1.7/4.6±1.6,P=0.019)。累犯重新犯罪行为相关心理因素特征值>1的主成分有5个,分别命名为情感忽视、受虐程度、处事方式、过分干涉、否定与偏爱,可以解释总变异的67.49%。结论:累犯重新犯罪行为受多种心理因素的影响。增加对累犯的情感支持与理解,减少不良的教育方式及培养良好的处事方式可作为减少累犯重新犯罪行为的途径。

Objective： To explore the related psychological factors of re-offending behaviors, and provide scientific evidence for the mental rectification and treatment of the recidivists. Methods： Data collected from 100 recidivists and 103 first-time offenders in prison were analyzed through Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran （ EMBU）, Defense Style Questionnaire （ DSQ ） and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire （ CTQ ）, and related factors were performed with principal component analysis. Results： Each factor score of childhood trauma history questionnaire was higher in recidivists than in first-time offenders （ such as emotional abuse： 8. 6 ± 3. 8/7. 4 ± 3.4, P = 0. 013 ） . Except father preference and mother＇s severe punishment, there were significant differences among the rest factors of Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran （ such as father＇s emotional warmth of understanding： 43.3 ± 6. 5/45.7 ± 7. 1, P = 0. 011 ） Furthermore, there were significant differences among the rest factors in Defense Style Questionnaire except concealing factor （for example, premature-defense mechanism： 5.3 ± 1.7/4. 6± 1.6, P =0. 019） . Five main components eigenvalue above 1 were extracted by principal component analysis, named as emotional neglect, abused level , coping style, interference, denial and preference respectively, and they could explained 67.49% of the total variance. Conclusion： Re-offendeding behaviors of recidivists could be influenced by various factors. Psychological treatment should focus on affective support and understanding to the recidivists, and re-offending behaviors could be reduced by improving educational patterns or coping style.