美国商业银行资金来源结构的变迁及启示

The Change of American Commercial Banks' Funds Source Structure and its Enlightenment to Chinese Commercial Banks

本文介绍了美国商业银行资金来源管理的发展历程和不同规模商业银行筹资策略的选择,发现不同规模的商业银行结合自身特点在筹资中形成了各具特色的筹资渠道,如美国大型银行依靠股票溢价和留存收益补充权益资本,而中小银行主要依赖留存收益补充权益资本;大型银行主动性负债的占比要高于中小银行,中小银行对核心存款的依赖程度要高于大型银行等。通过与中国商业银行的对比分析,作者对中国商业银行的资本和负债管理提出以下建议:增强造血性权益资本补充渠道;正确认识发行次级债券的资本补充功能;关注中小银行资金来源结构中的经营风险。

The paper introduces the history of commercial banks＇ funds source management in the United States and compares the funds source choices of commercial banks in different sizes. The results show that those banks, combining with their features, have formed their distinctive financing channels. For instance, large banks depend on the stock premium and retained earnings to supplement the equity capital, while the small-and-medium sized banks mainly rely on the retainea earnings. The initiative liability ratio in large banks is much higher than in small-and-medium sized banks, and the reliance on core deposit is more prominent in the latter. Given the comparison results between American and Chinese commercial banks, the paper proposes some suggestions for Chinese commercial bank＇s asset and liability management as follows： strengthen complementary channels to increase the equity capital, deepen the understanding on the capital supplement function of subordinated debentures and pay attention to the operating risks existing in small-and-medium sized bank＇s funds source structure.