春、夏玉米物质生产及其对温光资源利用比较

Comparing Grain Production and Utilization of Solar, Heat Resources Between Spring Maize and Summer Maize

比较了春玉米和夏玉米在产量和品质、干物质积累、光温气候资源的利用等方面的差异。结果表明:春玉米比夏玉米平均增产1600kg/hm2,前者的子粒粗蛋白含量也显著高于后者。春玉米的高生产力主要体现在干物质积累速率上,平均比夏玉米高15.8%,但年际间有一定的变异。春玉米对光温资源的占用率较高,但在光能利用率上并无明显优势。春玉米较高的产量潜力主要得益于营养生长期优越的光温条件以及较长的灌浆期;夏玉米灌浆期气候较适宜,但由于受冬小麦生育期的限制,产量潜力未得到充分发挥。

A filed experiment was conducted to compare spring maize and summer maize regarding grain yield, grain quality, dry matter accumulation, utilization of solar, heat resources. The results indicated grain yield of spring maize was 1600 kg/ha higher than summer maize on the average. And spring maize had a significant higher grain quality than summer maize. Besides, the former one had obvious advantages on dry matter accumulation rate, which was 15.8% higher than the later one. The higher grain yield potential of spring maize benefited from superior solar condition during vegetative period and its longer grain filling duration. Climate condition during summer maize grain filling period was more favorable, while its grain yield potential had not been exerted fully due to limitation of winter wheat growing season.