中华猕猴桃新品系“特选-815”生物学特性及其果实耐贮性研究

Study on Biological Characteristics of Kiwifruit(Actinidia chinensis) New Strain "Texuan-815" and its Fruit Storability

猕猴桃"特选-815"为安徽农业大学选育的中华猕猴桃新品系。为明确其生物学特性,以美味猕猴桃"海沃德"为对照,对二者物候期、生长结果习性和果实经济性状进行观察测定,对果实采后室温下贮藏的软果率、失重率、好果率及可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C等含量变化进行了研究。结果表明,萌芽至开花期,"特选-815"的物候期比"海沃德"早3～6d,短果枝比例占50%,平均单果重133g,果实生育期180d左右,盛果期产量可达42000kg/hm2,果肉绿黄、风味甜酸、含酸量较低;室温贮藏条件下,前期"特选-815"果实软化较慢,30d后明显快于"海沃德";贮藏10d内,"特选-815"果实失重率较低,之后失重率比"海沃德"增大;贮藏45d后,"特选-815"好果率高于"海沃德"。说明中华猕猴桃新品系"特选-815"综合经济性状优于海沃德,在猕猴桃生产中具有广阔的发展前景。

＂Texuan-815＂ was a kiwifruit new strain which belongs to Actinidia chinensis bred by Anhui Agricultural University.To ascertain its biological characteristics the phenological period,growth and fruiting habit and economical character were observed and recorded,and the ratio of ripen fruit,lost weight,whole fruit,and the change of soluble solid content,soluble sugar,titratable acid,vitamin C in post-harvest fruit of ＂Texuan-815＂ were investigated under storage at room temperature by contrast with Actinidia deliciosa cv Hayward.The result indicated that the phenological period of ＂Texuan-815＂ were 3-6 days earlier than that of Hayward from budding to flowering phenology.The short fruiting shoot accounted for 50%,fruit mean weight was 133 grams,fruit growth period was about 180 days,and fruitful yield was 42000 kilograms per hectare in ＂Texuan-815＂.The new strain had green-yellow pulp,low acidity,and good flavor.The post-harvest fruit of ＂Texuan-815＂ ripened slower in prophase and faster after 30 days,and had lower weight loss in ten days and higher whole fruit ratio after 45 days under storage at room temperature.It was proved that the economical character of the new strain ＂Texuan-815＂ were superior to that of Hayward and had nice future in coming kiwifruit production.