中国夏商周三代玉器的艺术特征主要成就与礼玉文化

Artistic characteristics,great achievement and ceremony jade culture of jade articles from Xia,Shang,Zhou Dynasties in China

以中国原始社会解体,建立夏商周三朝奴隶制国家取得的玉器杰出成就为基础;以人类跨进文明社会,造就的中国玉器史上首次高峰期为切入点。用科学的态度,求实的观点对夏商周三代玉器的总体面貌、整体模式,时代风格、仪仗用玉、主要成就、工艺特色、创新形式、表现手法、艺术特征、礼玉文化进行了综合分析、研究与评价。对三代创新玉器,特别是西周在玉与铁的复合材料工艺上的创新成果奠定的玉器工艺学基础,起到的承上启下的历史贡献、社会价值、艺术价值、学术价值进行了阐述。对三代(夏商周)玉器与政治、宗教、道法融为一体;以礼用玉、以玉节礼,格调统一的礼玉文化进行了评说。

Based on the standout achievement of jade articles of Xia, Shang, Zhou Dynasties which are slavery countries built up after the disorganization of Chinese primitive society, and taking the first fastigium of Chinese jade articles history made by human after stepping into civilization as a cut-in point, the article has comprehensively analyzed, studied and evaluated the general status, whole mode, era style, ceremony jades, great achievement, technical features, creating forms, representing techniques, art characteristics and ceremony jade culture of the jade articles from Xia, Shang, Zhou Dynasties by taking scientific attitude and factualistic viewpoint. The article has also expounded the history contribution of connecting preceding and the following, social value, artistic value and academic value of the jade articles＇ technical foundation established by the creative jade articles in the three dynasties, especially the creative fruit of the compound material made of jade and iron in West Zhou Dynasty. It has also commented the ceremony jade culture in the three dynasties （Xia, Shang, Zhou Dynasties） of inosculating jade articles, politics, religion and moral as a whole, using jade for ceremony while taking jade as manners which present a uniform pattern.