钱钟书《围城》与西方反讽诗学

Qian Zhongshu' Weicheng and the Western Ironic Poetics

钱钟书的《围城》深受西方反讽诗学的影响,这种影响不仅表现在他的小说创作喜欢运用反讽的修辞技巧,而且表现在反讽成了他对人类生存困境的总体性生命感受,无论方鸿渐人生之旅的圆圈结构、三次出现在作品中的"船"的意象,还是那只永远跟不上时间步伐的古老闹钟,都是钱钟书为人类文明的存在方式和人类生存困境所设的反讽象征。钱钟书小说对于人生和存在的深刻思考,以及在此思考中所突出的反讽者的主观意识和个性色彩,都说明他的反讽乃是一种存在意义上的反讽。

Qian Zhongshu were deeply influenced by western cultural tradition, thus he tended to adopt the ironic poetics to get satire, however, there are more rhetoric significance besides shift of perspective, absurdity, etc. Irony became his general feeling of life in human being＇s tribulation. Fang Hongjian＇s life circles--the three appearances of ＂ship＂ in the Fortress Besieged, and old clock which can never follow the time are both such ironic images. Therefore, Qianzhongshu bear a sharp insight as ironist, and his deep reflection on life and existence, his subjective awareness and individual color popped out from this reflection testify that his ironies come from both thought and existence.