经济组织的社会嵌入与社会形塑——企业社会嵌入及其对企业范式形成的自组织机制

Social Embeddedness and Social Shaping of Economic Organization——Enterprise Social Embeddedness and Self-organizing Mechanism of Enterprise Paradigm Formation

本文在述评社会嵌入理论的基础上,针对社会嵌入泛化和企业失范的问题,对企业社会嵌入的对象、方式、作用和意义,做了初步的设想和阐释。提出并论证了如下基本观点:企业的社会嵌入是客观存在和理性行为的统一;企业嵌入的是有自发形塑作用的具象社会和关键利益相关者网络;通过部落营销、内部化和吸纳社会规范,可以实现双方的互嵌和为社会形塑提供条件;企业嵌入后,社会会对企业产生自发的形塑作用,以外取和内化等机制和形式,来应对组织悖论和社会不确定性、使员工个体行为转化为企业的整体秩序,进而形成内外部关系和谐有序的企业范式。

On the basis of reviewing the theory of social embeddedness, focussing on the issuses of the generalization of social embeddedness and enterprise anomie, the thesis expounds and puts forward a preliminary assumption considering the scope, targets, modes and significance of enterprise social embeddedness. It proposes, and further demonstrates four main viewpoints as follows： the social embeddedness of enterprises is an objective existence and rational behavior as well; what enterprises are to embed are the concrete society with the fuction of spontaneous shaping, and the network of key stakehoders; by means of tribe-marketing, internalization and adopting social regulation, mutual embeddedness of both parties can be implented, providing conditions for social shaping; having enterprises embedded, the society will play effect on enterprises as paradigm and self-organization. Through such mechanisms and modes as adopting externally and absorbing internally, conflicts can be coordinated, and organization paradox and social uncertainty replied. Individual behavior of employees can thus be turned into overall order of the entire enterprise, further forming a paradigm harmonious and ordered both within and outside the enterprise.