广州南沙人工红树林湿地小气候效应研究

Study on the microclimatic effect of artificial mangrove wetland in Nansha,Guanzhou

采用自动气象站定点对比观测的方法对广州南沙区万顷沙镇十九涌内红树林小气候效应进行了研究,结果表明:红树林具有良好的遮荫效果,不同季节太阳辐射的日变化格局基本相同,但夏季遮荫效果可以达到64.98%,是其他季节的4倍以上;红树林的保温效果非常显著,秋冬季林内温度变幅小于林外,而春夏季则相反;红树林对提高林带湿度具有显著作用,全年林内空气相对湿度较林外高出5.40%以上;红树林具有很高的防风效应,平均可以降低风速73.92%,其中春夏季的效果更加显著。研究结果揭示了红树林湿地系统的区域小气候调节作用,并为评价红树林湿地围垦对环境的影响提供了重要参数。

In this paper, the effects of mangroves on the microclimate had been researched through the method of automatic weather stations contrast observation in Guangzhou Nansha District Wanqingsha town. The results showed that mangroves had good shade effects in different seasons, particularly in summer, during which the effects could be achieved by 64.98%, 4 times higher than other seasons. Significant effect of mangroves on the air temperature was also found. In autumn and winter, the range of temperature change in the mangrove was less than that out of the mangrove, while it was opposite in spring and summer. 5.40% higher air humidity could be detected in mangrove forest belt as compared to that out of the forest. Besides, mangroves could reduce the wind speed effectively, and the average wind speed could be reduced by 73.92%, especially in spring and summer. These finidings could provide important parameters for revealing the regional climate regulation and evaluating the effect on the environment in mangrove wetland system.