微生物合成的聚谷氨酸及其应用

Biosynthesis and Application of Polyglutamic Acid

γ-聚谷氨酸是一种全天然的、可食用的、具有多功能性的阴离子聚合物,可由微生物发酵合成。随着材料科学、聚合物化学和生物医学的不断发展和紧密融合,生物可降解高分子材料的研究得到长足发展,γ-聚谷氨酸的开发研究则日益深入。但国内研究仍处于实验室阶段,还未实现工业化生产。介绍了γ-聚谷氨酸的结构、理化性质及其影响因素,综述了其合成菌株、培养方法、相关基因及在医药、食品、化妆品、农业、工业等方面的应用。

γ-polyglutamic acid is a promising biodegradable polymer,which is natural,unusual anionic and edible. With the development of Chemistry about polymers,biomedicine and their confluens,biodegradable polymers are developed greatly. Thus the research about γ-polyglutamic acid has attracted much attention. The situation of researching in China,however,is still in laboratory. This paper introduced the structure and physico-chemical properties of γ-polyglutamic acid. Furthermore,the strains,cultural methods,genes involved in the biosynthesis of the polymer and applications in medicine, fuod, cosmetics, agriculture and industry were reviewed.