川藏公路山地灾害特征及对西藏可持续发展的影响

The Characteristics of Mountain Hazards Along the Sichuan-Tibet Highway and Its Influence to the Continual Development of Tibet

川藏公路西藏境内自东向西穿越横断山、喜马拉雅山、念青唐古拉山3大山系,翻越觉巴山、东达山、业拉山、安久拉山、色季拉山、米拉山等6座大山;跨越长江、澜沧江、怒江、雅鲁藏布江4大水系。由于公路沿线特定的地质地貌、水文气候等自然环境,频频发生多种山地灾害,川藏公路导致经常断道,造成严重损失。其灾害类型主要为泥石流、山崩滑坡、路基水毁以及溜砂,长期以来危害桥梁,损坏路基,该线每年因山地灾害中断行车少则3个月,多则超过半年,严重影响和困扰藏东南的公路交通和地方经济发展。在交通部和西藏交通厅高度重视下,联合有关科研单位和院校,进行了大量的工作,实施科教振兴交通,为西部大开发不断创造条件。

Because of special geology and geomorphology environment,the mountain hazards are very common along the Sichuan-Tibet highway.The main hazards are debris flow,landslide,rockwell,flood and sand-slide.All the hazards have perplexed the traffic and local economy development in the southeast of Tibet.To think highly of this situation,the National Ministry of Traffic and the traffic department of Tibet have united some institute and university to study the disasters.They have done many researches for the local traffic problems to provide a good condition for the west exploit of China.