我国水土流失现状和防治对策分析

The Status of Soil and Water Loss and Analysis of Countermeasures in China

水土流失是指在水流作用下,土壤被侵蚀、搬运和沉淀的整个过程。我国是世界上水土流失最为严重的国家之一。由于特殊的自然地理条件,加之长期以来对水土资源的过度利用,当前我国水土流失仍然面积大、分布广、流失严重,防治任务艰巨。同时,我国正处在城市化、工业化、现代化进程中,人口、资源、环境矛盾十分突出,新的水土流失不断产生,这给水土保持提出了严峻挑战。分析了水土流失在农业生产、水利工程、工矿交通设施安全和生态环境等方面造成的危害,提出了治理水土流失的措施。在发挥经济效益的同时,减少水土流失造成的危害,做到国民经济的可持续发展。

The soil and water loss is a whole course that the soil is eroded,transported and precipitated.China is one of the the world＇s most serious soil erosion countries.Because of the special natural and geographical conditions,coupled with a long time to the excessive use of land and water resources,soil erosion in China are still large area,widely distributed,serious loss,so the prevention task is arduous.At the same time,China is in urbanization,industrialization and modernization process,population,resources and environment problems are conspicuous,and continual new soil erosion are increasing,soil and water conservation is faced to the severe challenges.The harm of the soil erosion caused in agricultural production,water conservancy projects,mining safety of transport facilities and ecological environment in areas were analyzed and the soil erosion control measures were provided at the same time.