贵州老万场金矿石灰岩与红土矿体土壤结皮中苔藓植物种类及群落比较研究

Comparative Study on Species and Communities of Bryophytes Associated with Formation of Soil Crust on Limestone and Lateritic Gold Sites in Lao Wanchang Lateritic Gold Deposit of Guizhou

贵州老万场红土型金矿属是一种喀斯特崩塌堆积型金矿,经长期的破坏性开矿活动,使得大量石灰岩出露于地表,并形成了新型的石漠。在这样的干燥地区,苔藓植物已经成为主要的土壤结皮植被类群。为了探索红土型金矿区苔藓植物土壤结皮特征,2007年8月对贵州晴隆老万场红土型金矿石灰岩和红土矿体表面苔藓植物进行了研究。通过野外全面调查和实验室仔细鉴定,发现老万场红土型金矿石灰岩和红土矿体表面共有苔藓植物10科23属35种,没有发现苔类植物;石灰岩上有5科11属16种,红土型金矿上有5科20属26种,这两个区域有6个相同的属,7个相同的种;丛藓科种类是石灰岩和红土矿体表面上主要的土壤结皮藓类植物;石灰岩和红土矿体表面的土壤结皮藓类植物的属种相似性都比较低;石灰岩土壤结皮藓类群落都为纯群落,红土矿体表面多为混生群落。

Lao wanchang Lateritic gold deposit in Guizhou is a kind of karst-collapse-originated Lateritic gold.The perennial and devastating mining leads to a mass of limestone exposing to the earth＇s surface and becoming a new rock desertification.On the dry environment area,bryophytes have become the main soil crust plants.In order to explore the characteristic of soil crust bryophytes on gold deposit,we studied the bryophytes of limestone and lateritic gold sites in Lao Wanchang Lateritic Gold Deposit of Qinglong in Guizhou in August,2007.Based on the extensive investigation and identify of the bryophyte specimens,35 species in 23 genera of 10 families were found.There were no Hepaticae in this two area.There were16 species belonging to 11 genera of 5 families on limestone,26 species belonging to 20 genera of 5 families on lateritic gold sites.On limestone and lateritic gold sites,there were 6 same genera and 7 same mosses.The species of Pottiaceae were the main soil crust bryophytes in this two area.The similarity coefficient of genera and species are quite low.The bryophyte communities of the soil crust on limestone are pure communities while those on lateritic gold sites are mixed.