论习惯作为国际法的效力根据--一种法律实证主义的考察

On the Foundation of Effectiveness of Customary International Law——From the View of Legal Positivism

法律实证主义一向强调只研究实在法,即主权者制定和认可的法律。国际法中没有一个高高在上的主权者,国际法的法律性也就受到了质疑。通过对法律实证主义主要代表人物理论的考察,发现他们所致力于从"封闭的规范体系内"挖掘的法律的效力根源,原来却是作为一种经验事实存在的,毋需论证的习惯。

Legal Positivism has always stressed it sole focus on positive laws, namely those made and recognized by sovereignty. In the absence of a supreme sovereignty, the legitimacy of an international law will be challenged. In review of the major representatives＇ views of legal positivism, we find that eustom, which exists as an experiential fact without justifieation, constitutes the foundation of the legal effectiveness that they are committed to explore from the ＂closed system of regulating＂.