基于关联规则的ABC库存分类方法

A New Algorithm of ABC Inventory Classification Based on the Association Rule

库存管理是工业工程中普遍存在的基础管理,由于库存项目繁多,一般需要进行有重点的分类管理。ABC分类法一直被广泛应用于很多场合,其基础是将库存项目按照某类价值进行由高到低的排序,然后根据2-8原则分段划分ABC类型。然而,商品项目的价值不仅仅来源其自身的销售价值,还受到其它项目的影响,如"交叉销售"效应(cross-saleeffect)。本文研究了在考虑交叉销售效应影响下的项目重要度评价问题,给出了一种基于关联规则的项目重要度评价指标,称为"期望金额占用",并在此基础上给出了新的库存ABC分类方法。通过简单算例和benchmark数据集的计算,验证了算法的效率和效果。实验计算表明,新算法下的分类结果与传统ABC分类结果之间存在着不可忽略的较大差异。

Inventory control is the most basic management widely used in engineering industry. It has always been considered that the number of inventory items is so large that items have to be grouped together and that generic inventory control policies should be planned in terms of individual groups. The ABC classification method has always been widely used for inventory items aggregation ,the basis of which is first to rank items according to some notion of profit ,and then to generate the A, B and C groups by partitioning the ranking list according to the 2-8 rules, however, the profit of one item comes not only from its own sales, but also affected by other items, i.e. , the ＂cross-sale effect＂. This paper explore the problem of evaluating the importance of items with the consideration of cross-sale effect is studied, and a new criterion, called Expected Dollar Usage （EDU）, is presented to evaluate the importance of items, based on which a new algorithm of inventory ABC classification is presented. A numeral example and a benchmark dataset are both employed to evaluate the effectiveness and utility of new algorithm, which shows that there exists a considerable gap between the result of new algorithm and that of traditional inventory ABC classification, which should not be ignored.