食管癌高发区青年和中老年患者ER、PR表达的对比研究

Comparative the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma between the young patients and the elderly patients from high - incidence area for esophageal cancer

目的探讨食管癌高发区青年和中老年患者ER、PR表达的变化特征。方法采用免疫组织化学（ABC）法，检测142例高发区青年（72例）与中老年（70例）食管癌患者手术切除标本ER和PR表达变化。结果≤40岁、40～60岁、〉60岁三组ER的免疫阳性表达率分别为51％、47％、33％，阳性率随年龄增大而递减（P〈0．05）；PR在三组不同年龄段的表达率分别为15％、40％、29％，中老年患者PR阳性率显著高于青年患者。40～60岁、〉60岁两组患者ER主要定位于细胞核，≤40岁组ER主要定位于细胞浆。男、女性食管癌患者ER表达率分别为40％、53％，女性高于男性，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；男女性食管癌组织PR表达率分别为37％、41％，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论高发区青年患者与中老年患者食管癌组织中性激素受体在细胞分布（青年患者以细胞浆为主，中老年患者以细胞核为主）和阳性率（青年患者〉中老年）的差异，提示性激素的变化可能是食管癌变的重要机制，并与食管癌的年龄分布有关。

Objective To characterize the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from the young patients （ ≤40 years old） and the elderly patients（ ≥ 60 years old）in high -incidence area for esophageal cancer. Methods Immununohistochemical method （ ABC ） was used to determine the expression of ER and PR of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） from the young patients （ ≤40 years old, n =72） and the elderly patients（ ≥60 years old, n = 70）. Results 142 cases of the surgically resected EC samples were collected from the local hospital in HIA. All the specimens were fixed with 85% ethanol, paraffin embedded,and serially sectioned for morphology and immunohistochemistry （ABC） analysis. The immunostaining positive rate for ER in the groups aged below 40 Years ,40 -60 years, above 60 years were 51% , 47% , 33% ,respectively, the difference was significant among each group （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The immunostaining positive rate for PR in the groups aged below 40 years, 40 -60 years, above 60 years were 15% , 40% , 29% , respectively. The location of ER expression of the two groups aged from 40 to 60 years amd above 60 years was in nuclear, the location of ER expression of group aged below 40 years was in the cytoplasm. The immunostaining positive rate for ER in male and female EC patients were 40% , 53% , respectively. The difference was significant （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The immunostaining positive rates for PR in male and female EC patients were 37% , 41% , respectively, but the difference was not significant （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion The different immunoreactive locations （in cytoplasm in young patients and in nuclear in aged patient） and immunostaining positive rates of ER and PR between young and aged EC patients （young patients 〉 aged patients） indicated that the change of sex hormone may he one of the important mechanisms for esophageal carcinogenesis.