2Bassam Tibi, Arab Nationalism : Between Islam and the Nation -Statep.65.
3James G. Kellas, The Polaics of Nationalism and Ethnicity,Macmillan Education Ltd., 1991,p.55.
4Laurie King- Irani, "Kinship, Class and Ethnicity", Edited by Deborah J. gerner, Understanding The Contemporary Middle East, Lynne Riener Publishers, 2000, p.268.
5Dr. Ali Muhammad Naqavi, Islam and Nationalism, Islamic Propagation Organization, 1996, p.96.
6Laurie King - Irani, op. cit., p. 268.
7一位美国学者曾对在美国西北大学学习的阿拉伯学生做过一份问卷调查,结果显示阿拉伯人的政治认同具有明显的多重性特征.See Stewart Reiser, "Pan- Arabism Revisited", The Middle East Journal, Vol.37, No.2, Spring 1983,p.218.