中国城镇贫困成因述评

A Study on the Causes of the Urban Poverty in China

国外的贫困问题主要表现在城镇贫困方面。中国城镇中"新"贫困人口在数量上远比"老"贫困人口要多,他们中的大部分人有工作能力、愿意工作而没有工作机会。下岗失业造成绝对贫困,收入差距拉大等原因造成的相对贫困问题非常突出,对社会稳定威胁更大。贫困成因主要为转型期的经济转型和制度变迁。政府扶贫政策不仅要关注绝对贫困群体,还要关注城镇相对贫困和居民的收入不平等。

Povexty in foreign countries mainly refers to the urban poverty. In China, the ＂new＂ poor urban population is larger than the ＂old＂ one; most of them have work ability, and they are willing to work, but they have no opportunities to work. Unemployment or out of work has brought about absolute poverty, while inequality of earnings has caused the relative poverty which is very serious and harmful to the society. The main causes of urban poverty are the transformation of economy and the change of institution. The government should not only care more about the absolute poverty, but also the increasingly serious relative poverty and inequality.