室内空气中挥发性有机化合物对小鼠的一般毒性

Inhalation Toxicity of Indoors Volatile Organic Compounds in Mice

目的研究室内空气中挥发性有机化合物对小鼠的一般毒性。方法根据项目前期现场监测所得到的污染物浓度和主要成分,配制受试混合物(甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三氯乙烯、三氯甲烷、氨),采用静式呼吸道染毒法开展小鼠吸入毒性试验。选用18～22g健康清洁级NIH小鼠,以80.00、64.00、51.28、40.96、32.79、26.21mg/m3的浓度进行小鼠急性吸入毒性试验,每组10只,采用寇氏法计算半数致死浓度(LD50);分别以10.75(1/5LD50)、5.38(1/10LD50)、2.69mg/m3(1/20LD50)的浓度对小鼠连续染毒30d(3h/d),每组24只,雌、雄各半,观察吸入染毒对小鼠体重、脏器系数和血清中氧化损伤指标的影响;采用剂量递增连续染毒法,以5.38mg/m3为起始剂量,每天连续染毒3h,以后按1.5倍递增,每4d递增1次,累计自试验开始至出现50%动物死亡的总剂量,计算蓄积系数。结果小鼠急性吸入毒性LD50为53.74mg/m3,95%CI为47.56～60.69mg/m3;染毒30d后,受试动物终体重下降,高、中剂量组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),低剂量组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各染毒剂量组肝脏脏器系数均大于对照组(P<0.05),高、中剂量组肾脏脏器系数较对照组低(P<0.05),低剂量组肾脏脏器系数改变不明显(P>0.05);高、中、低剂量组受试动物血清GSH-Px活力降低,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);高、中剂量组SOD活力较对照组降低(P<0.05),低剂量组较对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高、中、低剂量组受试动物血清中MDA含量均较对照组增高(P<0.05);蓄积系数大于5。结论室内空气中挥发性有机化合物对小鼠的蓄积毒性较弱,但可造成毒性损伤。

Objective To study the inhalation toxicity of volatile organic compounds in mice. Methods The VOC mixture was prepared according to the monitoring data on indoors air. NIH mices were exposed to the gaseous mixture at the doses of 80.00 mg/m^3,64.00 mg/m^3,51.28 mg/m^3,40.96 mg/m^3,32.79 mg/m^3 and 26.21 mg/m^3 to determine the acute toxicity,and at the doses of 10.75 mg/m^3,5.38 mg/m^3,2.69 mg/m^3 to examine the toxic effect on the weight,organ coefficient,the activity of GSH-Px and SOD and the contents of MDA in the serum. The accumulative toxicity was determined. Results The LD50 of acute inhalation toxicity was 53.74 mg/m^3.After exposed to this gaseous mixture for 30 days,the body weight decreased significantly,the organ coefficient of liver and kidney changed,and the activity of GSH-Px and SOD decreased,the contents of MDA in serum increased. The accumulation coefficient was above 5. Conclusion This VOC mixture has weak accumulation toxicity in mice,but have some other toxicity.