全封闭式空调长途客车车厢空气质量调查

Hygienic Investigation of Air Quality in Long-distance Bus with Air Conditioner

目的了解全封闭式空调长途客车车厢空气质量状况及对旅客的健康效应。方法于2004年1月—2005年8月在夏秋季间选择运行时间分别为3、5、7h的全封闭式空调长途客车各20、20、10辆次,进行车厢空气质量监测,并对乘坐3、7h车程的旅客进行旅途期间健康效应的问卷调查。结果随着车辆运行时间的增加,车厢空气中二氧化碳浓度在各运行时间超标较为明显,3、5、7h车程超标率分别为40%(8/20),55%(11/20),100%(10/10);细菌总数、真菌总数、可吸入颗粒物浓度、风速虽未超标,但呈逐渐增加的趋势;而温度、一氧化碳、甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度均合格且未见增加;β-溶血性链球菌未检出;相对湿度略有下降但未超标。乘客在以往乘车过程中感觉车内有异味,有疲乏症状,有头晕、口干喉痛症状,有眼干的症状,有头痛、呼吸不畅的症状,有恶心、皮肤发痒症状的发生率分别为21.5%(43/200),64.5%(129/200),43%(86/200),21%(42/200),14.5%(29/200)和7%(14/200)。结论全封闭式空调长途客车车厢空气中二氧化碳浓度超标严重,部分乘客在乘车过程中出现不适感。建议尽早制定全封闭式空调长途客车空气质量标准,保护乘客的身体健康。

Objective To evaluate the air quality in the long-distance bus with air conditioner and the uncomfortable index of the passengers during the trip. Methods The air quality in the long-distance buses with air conditioner which were running for 3 hours,5 hours,7 hours respectively was monitored and 200 passengers were investigated by questionnaire during the trip,Jan 2004 -Aug 2005. Results As the running time increasing,CO2 concentration significantly increased. The bacterium,fungus,PM10 and wind speed were increasing gradually,but still in the normal level. The temperature,CO,formaldehyde,benzene,toluene and dimethyl benzene did not increase. The hemolysis streptococcus was not found,the relative humidity droped a little but in normal level. The investigation results of questionnaire showed that 21.5%（43/200） passengers felt peculiar smell,64.5% （129/200）of them appeared lassitude symptom,43% （86/200）of them appeared the symptom of dizzy,thirsty and sore throat,21%（42/200）of them felt eye dry,14.5%（29/200） of them appeared the symptom of headache and breath-block,7%（14/200）of them felt nauseated and skin itch during the trip. Conclusion The CO2 pollution in the investigated long-distance buses is serious and this can impact the health of the passengers.