地震灾后短期疾病谱的变迁及医疗预防应对措施探讨

Change of Patterns of Diseases and Medical Rescuing Measurement after Earthquake

【目的】探讨地震灾后医疗救治、应急、预防水平及医疗资源的合理分配利用。【方法】采用回顾性调查的方法,对四川省青川县人民医院地震后2周收治的门诊患者的疾病种类的构成变化情况、以及当时医院与医务人员的状况及灾后可能存在的问题进行了分析。【结果】在地震后的第1周以外科就诊病人占绝大多数,均为地震所致外伤,1周后外科患者明显减少,而内科、儿科就诊患者逐渐增多,皮肤病及心理障碍患者较多见;地震后医院处于极端情况,缺乏基本的救治条件,难以做到无菌操作以至开放性伤口感染率极高;震后环境卫生差,具备传染病流行的条件。【结论】地震灾后短期内来医院门诊就诊患者的疾病种类存在明显变化规律,就医环境也发生明显改变,因此震后医疗资源也应做出相应调整,以满足应对灾后突发性医疗事件的需求。

[Objectives] To determine how to raise the level for medical rescuing, communicable diseases control, prevention and rational use of medical resource after the earthquake. [Methods] We used the respective methods to investigate the conditions of the local hospitals, nature environment, and the patterns of diseases in the earthquake zone, to analyze the reasons for yielding problems and to seek the possible methods for solving the problems above. [Results] Surgical patients accounted for the majority within one week after earthquake, and all of them were wounded. After one week, surgical patients decreased significantly, whereas, medical and pediatric patients increased. Dermatological and mental patients increased too. The availability of sanitation facilities was terrible after earthquake. The risk for outbreaks of communicable diseases was high following natural disasters. [Conclusions] The types of diseases in the hospitals changed after earthquake,and the medical environment changed too. Therefore, medical resource should be adjusted for requirement of medical affair.