1Cummings SR., Rubin SM., Black D. The future of hip fractures in the United States: Numbers, costs, and potential effects of postmenopausal estrogen. Clin Orthop,1990,(252):163- 166.
2Rusell TA., Taylor JC. Sbutrochanteric fractures of the femur. In: Browner BD, Jupiter JB, Levine AM, et al. eds. Skeletal trauma. 2nd ed. Harcourt Asia:Saunders WB, 2001.1918- 1919.
3Zain- Elabdien BS, Olerud S, Karlstrom G. The influence of age on the morphology of trochanteric fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg ,1984,103:156- 161.
4Kaufer H. Mechanics of the treatment of hip injuries. Clin Orthop,1980,(146):53- 61.
5Wu CC, Shih CH, Chen WJ, et al. Treatment of cutout of a lag screw of a dynamic hip screw in an intertrochanteric fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,1998,117:193- 196.
6Hardy CC, Descamps PY, Krallis P, et al. Use of an intramedullary hip- screw compared with a compression hip- screw with a plate for intertrochanteric femoral fractures. A prospective randomized study of one hundred patients. J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1998,80:618- 630.
7Watson J.T., Moed B.R., Cramer K.E., et al. Comparison of the compression hip screw with the Medoff sliding plate for intertrochanteric fractures. Clin Orthop,1998,(348):79- 86.
8Olsson O, Ceder L, Hauggaard A. Femoralshortening in intertrochanteric fractures. A comparison between the Medoff sliding plate and the compression hip screw.J Bone Jonit Surg(Br), 2001,83:572- 578.
9Bannister GC, Gibson AGF, Ackroyd CE, et al. The fixation and prognosis of trochanteric fractures. A randomized prospective controlled trial. Clin Orthop,1990,(254):242- 246.
10Olsson O., Ceder L., Hauggaard A. Biaxial dynamization in unstable intertrochanteric fractures: Good experience with a simplified Medoff sliding plate in 94 patients. Acta Orthop Scand, 1997,68:327- 331.
3I-Ialeem S, Mayahi R, Khanna A, et al. Mortality following hip- fracture: trends and geographical variations over the last 40 years. Injury Extra 2008,39 (5) :201 - 203.
4Kokoroghiannis C, Aktselis I,et al. Evolving concepts of stability and intramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric fractures - a review. Injury 2012,43 (6) :686 - 693.
6Bhattacharyya T,Iorio R, Healy WL. Rate of and risk factors for a- cute inpatient mortality afterorthopaedic surgery[ J]. J Bone Jonint Surg(Am) ,2002,84 (4) :562.
7xu Y, Geng D, Yang H, et al. Treatment of unstable proximal femo- ral fractures : comparison of the proximal femoral nail antirota - tion and gamma nail3 [ J ]. Orthopedics,2010,33 (7) :473.
8Navin Kumar Kara,Gins Kumar Singh, Pankaj Kumar, et al. Man- agement oftrochanteric fractures of the femur with external fixation in high - risk patients. International Orthopaedics, 2009,33 ( 3 ) : 785 -788.
9Devgan A, Sangwan SS. External fixator in the management of tro- ehanterie fraetures in high risk geriatric patients - a friend to the elderly. Indian J Med Sei. 2002,56(8) :385 -390.
10Christodoulou N, Sdrenias C, Salagimmis G, et al. Fixation of tro- ehanterie or subtroehanterie fractures using dynamic external fix- ators. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatriee Appar Mot,2007,93 ( 3 ) : 264 - 268.
