路网应急疏散问题建模及其应用的进展

Review of Evacuation Modeling in Emergency and Its Application

近年来,关于路网应急疏散问题的研究已经成为研究热点并取得了许多研究成果。首先描述了路网疏散问题,对路网疏散问题进行分类,总结了疏散过程的4个主要计算过程并给出了路网疏散问题的数学化描述。接着从微观和宏观两个方面对数学模型分析方法进行综述,分析了主要数学模型的优缺点。详细描述主要的计算机仿真模型,概括了相关模型的特点和功能。最后对路网应急疏散问题的发展方向做出了展望,指出建立综合数学模型和仿真模型的优缺点的新疏散模型方法,同时建立完善的应急辅助决策系统,是应急疏散发展的重要方向。

In recent years, the research on real-time traffic evacuation in emergency has become an increasingly attractive research topic and obtained a lot of achievements. At first traffic evacuation problem in emergency is described and classified into two aspects. The four major processes of evacuation are summed up and a mathematical description of traffic evacuation is given. The mathematical analysis models are reviewed from microscopic and macroscopic aspects and the main advantages and disadvantages of main mathematical models are summed up. The main computer simulation models are also discussed in detail, the features and functions of popular models are proposed. Finally, the prospects of network emergency evacuation are proposed that new comprehensive models should be researched combining the advantages and disadvantages of mathematical models and the simulation models, in addition, establishing a comprehensive emergency evacuation decision-making system is also important.