土壤质量时空变异及其与环境因子的时空关系

Spatiotemporal Variation in Soil Quality and its Relation to the Environmental Factors

土壤质量能体现自然因素与人类活动对土地的影响,深入认识土壤质量的时空变异与环境因子的关系对土地质量改善与土地可持续利用具有重要意义。土壤质量的时空变异是指在一定的景观内,不同时间不同地点不同土层的土壤特征存在明显的差异性和多样性,由确定性(Deterministic)和随机性(Stochastic)两大组分构成。土壤质量时空变异是由多重尺度上的土地利用(植被)、气象(降雨)、地形、土壤、人为活动等多因子综合作用的结果,但是就某一具体地区而言存在重点尺度和主控因子,土壤质量时空变异的重点尺度与主控因子的时空关系因时间、空间和尺度而异。本文首先介绍了土壤质量时空变异的概念与内涵,重点综述了土壤理化特性(尤其是黄土高原地区)的时空变异及其与环境因子时空关系的研究进展,探讨了土壤质量时空变异的发展趋势,以期对我国土壤质量的时空变异研究有所启迪与帮助。

Soil quality indicates the effects of natural factors and human activities on land resource. It is important for the imporvment of land quality and sustainable land use to understand deeply the relationships between the spatiotemporal variability of soil quality and environmental factors. The spatiotemporal variation in soil quality means the soil properties show the significant differentiation and diversity at different scales of time and space. Actually, the spatiotemporal variation in soil properties is related to the joint-influences of several environmental factors at multiple-scales including vegetation, land use, meteorological factors （e.g. rainfall）, topography and soil. However, the key scale and dominant factors are different for the different time, space and scale. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of spatiotemporal variability of soil quality are first intruduced, then the studies on the spatiotemporal variation in soil quality and its relation to the environmental factors are reviewed. The studies on the Loess Plateau in China are stressed. At the same time, the development trends of soil quality variability are discussed, aiming to provide insights into further soil quality study.