大学生解决物理问题的表征层次的实验研究

EXPERIMENTS ON THE STAGES OF REPRESENTATIONS IN TOP AND POOR STUDENTS’ SOLVING PHYSICS PROBLEMS

设计了两个实验，探讨优、差生物理问题表征层次的特点。结果表明，优、美生物理问题表征层次有差异。优生侧重于科学理论表征，表现为以物理原理分类，在科学理论表征层次上多为正向推理：差生则受初始表征的影响，以表面特征分类，在科学理论表征层次上多为逆向推理。

The stages of representations in top and poor students' solving physics problems were investigated. Two experiments examined the relationship and influence among representations, categories and working directions. The results from sorting tasks, thinking --- aloud protocols and worksheets revealed that the top students had four full stages of representations in which they initially categorized physics problems by physics principles and solved the problems by working forward. But the poor students used problem's literal features to categorize and usually worked backward because they could not have the good scientific representation and were affected by the naive representation.