山楂叶螨在苹果叶片上的建群行为研究

The Behavior of Tetranychus viennensis Population Establishment in the Apple Leaves

[目的]进一步明确山楂叶螨种群建立与数量增长的关系。[方法]在控制条件下研究山楂叶螨雌成螨在苹果幼苗上的建群行为。[结果]山楂叶螨雌成螨一般定位于苹果叶背靠基部主脉两侧取食、产卵;当叶片自然扭曲时,其栖居于叶片扭曲处。山楂叶螨在叶片上的产卵,以叶背中脉同侧由第1粒卵产卵处向外扩展,在中脉一侧产下足够卵后,越过中脉向叶片另一侧转移。当叶片受到较重的为害或有足够的螨量时,叶螨则在叶片间进行转移。成螨在植株上的数量随时间推移然而先升后降。随着螨量的增加和成螨对植株的危害,成螨在植株上的分布,趋向于由下部向中上部转移。[结论]叶螨空间聚集度指标测定表明均为聚集型,表现为随叶螨量增加,聚集度减少,继而随螨量降低而又增加。

[Objective] The research aimed to make clear the relationship between the Tetranychus viennensis population establishment and population increase.[Method] The population establishment of the female adults of T.viennensis was studied under the control situation.[Result] The female adults of T.viennensis located at the base on both sides of the primary vein of the apple blade back to feed and oviposite.When the leaves were natural distorted,they inhabited at the part of the distortion site.T.viennensis oviposited on the leaves and extended outside from the first egg,which oviposited at the same side of the blade back of the primary vein.When ovipositing enough eggs on one side of the primary vein,T.viennensis transferred to the other side of the leave.When the leaves were seriously damaged or had sufficient number of leaf mites T.viennensis transferred among the leaves.The population of the T.viennensis adults firstly increased then decreased following the increasing time.The distribution of the T.viennensis adults on the plant transferred from the lower part to upper-middle part following the population of the T.viennensis increasing and its damage on leaves.[Conclusion] The index of the special aggregation degree of T.viennensis indicated that it belonged to the aggregated type.The aggregation degree was decreased following the increasing of T.viennensis population,then was increased following the decreasing of population.