稻鸭共作复合系统的生态环境效应研究

Study on the Ecology Environment Effect of Rice-duck Integrated Farming

[目的]为稻鸭共作的实践应用提供理论依据。[方法]通过小区试验研究,分析稻鸭共作条件下,稻田土壤、水体理化性状、稻鸭共作对稻田常发性及危害严重的病虫草的发生情况以及对稻田天敌蜘蛛的影响和稻田生态系统的价值流动。[结果]结果表明,稻鸭共作较明显地改善了表层土壤的理化性状,与对照处理相比,表层土壤容重降低5.30%,土壤总孔隙度提高2.52%,土壤有机质增加6.41%;水体总氮、氧化还原电位、化学需氧量分别比对照增加了9.31%、27.51%、16.46%。稻鸭共作对稻田有害生物也有较明显的控制效应,对稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟的防效分别为65.49%和39.27%,对条纹叶枯病、稻田杂草的防效比常规稻作分别高0.62和22.2个百分点。稻鸭共作经济效益比常规稻作高3492元/hm2。[结论]稻鸭共作有利于水稻的生长发育。

[Objective] The aim of study was to provide theoretical basis for applying rice-duck integrated farming.[Method] The physical-chemistry characters of soil and water in paddy field,the developing regularity of rice diseases,insects and weed,and value flow of paddy field in rice-duck integrated farming were studied through plot experiment.[Result]The results showed that rice-duck integrated farming could apparently improve the physical-chemistry characters of soil surface layer.Compared with the CK,the soil bulk density decreased 5.30%,soil total porosity and soil organic matter increase by 2.52% and 6.41% respectively.The water total N,oxidation-reduction potential and chemical demand oxygen increased by 9.31%、27.51% and 16.46% respectively.The rice-duck integrated farming also had obvious control effect on harmful biology in the rice paddy,prevention effect on the rice planthopper and Cnaphalocrocis medialis Guenee were 65.49% and 39.27% respectively.The stripe virus,rice weed control effects were 0.62 and 22.2 points higher than conventional rice farming.The economic efficiency of rice- duck integrated farming was 3 492 yuan / hm^2 higher than conventional rice farming.[Conclusion] The rice-duck integrated farming was advantageous to growth of rice.