焦作煤矿区成熟作物中重金属Pb·Cr·Zn·Cu富集特征研究

Study on Enrichment Character of Heavy Metals of Pb,Cr,Cu and Zn in Mature Crops in Coal Mine Area of Jiaozuo

[目的]探明焦作煤矿区成熟作物的重金属的富集特征。[方法]采用扇形布点法在焦作煤矿周边农田区采集土壤和小麦、玉米等样品,测定土壤和作物中的Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr4种重金属元素含量。[结果]土壤中Zn、Pb和Cu已开始富集,但Cr无富集,甚至亏损。成熟玉米籽粒和茎叶的重金属元素富集顺序分别为:Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb和Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr;成熟小麦籽粒、茎叶和根部的富集顺序分别为:Zn>Cu>Cr≈Pb,Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr和Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr。Pb和Cu在玉米不同部位分布顺序为:茎叶>籽粒;Cr和Zn在玉米中分布为:籽粒>茎叶。Pb在小麦不同部位含量分布为:根部>茎叶>籽粒;Cr和Cu在小麦中分布为:根部>籽粒≈茎叶;Zn在小麦中分布为:根部>籽粒>茎叶。[结论]作物对于重金属的累积因作物和重金属类型的不同而异。

[Objective] The purpose was to prove up the enrichment character of heavy metals in mature crops in coal mine area of Jiaozuo. [Method] The method of fan-shaped sampling points was used to select the samples of soil and wheat and corn etc. from the agricultural field around the coal mine area of Jiaozuo so as to determine the contents of 4 heavy metal elements as Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr in soil and crop. [Result] It was found that Zn, Pb and Cu had been enriched in soil, and Cr had been not only enriched, but also lacked. The enrichment of heavy metal elements in grain and stem-leaf of mature corn in order was Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb and Cu〉Pb〉Zn〉Cr, resp. and that in grain, stem-leaf and root of mature wheat in order was Zn〉Cu〉Cr≈Pb,Cu〉Pb〉Zn〉Cr and Zn〉Pb〉Cu〉Cr, resp. The distribution of Pb and Cu in different parts of corn were stem-leaf 〉 grain and that for Cr and Zn were grain〉 stem-leaf. The distribution of Pb in different parts of wheat were root 〉 stem-leaf 〉grain, the distribution of Cr and Cu in wheat was root 〉 grain ≈ stem-leaf and that of Zn in wheat was root〉grain〉 stem-leaf. [Conclusion] The accumulation of heavy metal by crops was different with crop kinds and heavy metal kinds.