航天飞行中的稀薄气体动力学

RAREFIED GAS DANAMICS IN SPACE FLIGHT

飞船、宇航探测器、航天飞机等复杂外形航天器给气体动力学，包括稀薄气体动力学提出了新的要求。本文简要介绍了为计算过渡领域中气动力与热而发展的基于位置元概念的DSMC方法的通用算法。该方法解决了计算物面通量量的技术难点并已用于模拟圆球、飞船、类航天飞机的绕流。正在进行的航天实践，如麦哲伦飞船对金星的探测、行星大气中的气动制动、伽利略飞船的木星之行、尾屏蔽在太空中获得高真空的实验等等提出了新的气动力问题，稀薄气体动力学和DSMC方法是有力的工具。

The flight of space vehicles,probes and shuttles set new demand on gas dynamics,including rarefied gas dynamics. The present paper briefly introduces the general program version of DSMC method based on the position element concepts developed by us in calculating the aerodynamic force and heating of transitional flows. The new version resolves the difficulties involved in calculating the flux characteristics on the body surface and has been applied in simulating the flows around sphere,capsule and shuttle models. Recent space flight projects,such as sounding of Venus by the Magallan spacecraft, the aerobraking in the Earth′s and planetary atmosphere, the mission of Galileo probe to Jupiter,the experiment of gaining high vacuum environment in space by utilizing wake shield facility,put forward new aerodynamic problems. Rarefied gas dynamics and DSMC method are powerful tools in solving thesc problems.