机动车尾气暴露与儿童日常行为的关系

Effects of Traffic Exhausts on Children's Behavioral Problems Parasat

目的使用 Achenbach 儿童行为量表探讨低水平机动车尾气暴露对儿童日常行为的影响。方法根据环境监测数据和机动车流量,于2007年6—7月在北京市不同空气污染水平区域内选择3所全日制小学(A1,A2,A3)作为研究现场,监测空气中 NO_x、SO_2、PM2.5、CO 的浓度,以调查学校2～5年级共1821名小学生为研究对象,进行儿童一般情况问卷和 Achenbach 儿童行为量表调查,最后选择在当地居住时间≥2年、测试时无不良健康状况的儿童1363人进行分析。结果 3所学校报告有行为问题共141人,行为问题报告率为10.34%,学校 A1、A2、A3分别为9.04%,9.77%和11.99%,差异无统计学意义(x^2=2.556,P=0.279);各学校男童的行为问题报告率均高于女童;分项目比较各行为问题因子,发现处于高度污染区学校 A3的儿童抑郁、社交退缩、多动、性问题、残忍、强迫行为问题因子报告率最高。单因素分析显示,既往高热史、视力情况、儿童饮酒行为、被打骂经历、被动吸烟、父母职业、父母文化程度、父亲饮酒、是否足月出生、新生儿期患病史、母亲不良妊娠史、母亲孕期接触不利因素、母亲孕期饮酒史等15项因素对儿童行为问题的报告率有显著影响。结论传统因素仍然是影响儿童行为问题报告率的主要因素;此外,长期低水平机动车尾气暴露对儿童行为问题的影响较弱。

Objective To explore the health effect of traffic exhausts on children＇s behavioral problems by using the Achenbach＇s Child Behavior Checklist. Methods Three primary schools were chosen based on the counts of passed by automobiles and the monitoring data of ambient air pollutants, Air pollutants including NOx,SO2,PM 2,5 and CO were analzed around the schools, There were 1 821 students in total from Grade 2 to Grade 5 were chosen as the target population and were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire as well as Achenbach＇s Child List, Finally,1 363 cases were analyzed, of whom have been local resident for more than 2 years and were in condition during investigation, Results A total of 141 children, with the rate of 10,34%, were reported to be with behavioral problem. The reported rates of behavioral problem were 9,04% in School A1, 9.77% in School A2, and 11.99% in School A3 respectively, however, there was no significant difference was seen （X^2=2,556.P= 0.279）, The reported rate of behavioral problem of boys＇ was higher than that of girls＇ in all schools. Analysis of 11 behavioral problem factors showed that, highest rates of factor depression, social withdrawn, hyperactivity, sexual problem, cruelty, forcing were found in School A3,Single-factor analysis showed that fever experience, eye sight condition, drinking experience of children, experience of being beaten and scold, second hand smoking, drinking habit of father, occupation of parents, education level of parents, born of full-term, medical history in neonatal period, history of unhealthy pregnancy of mother, history of touching adverse factors and drinking experience of mother during pregnancy had significant influence on the reported rate of behavioral problem. Conclusion Traditional factors are still the main influencing factors of children＇s behavioral problems, long term-low level exposure to traffic exhausts has weak effect on children＇s behavioral problems.