微米级空间碎片超高速撞击地面试验技术的研究进展

Progress in Hypervelocity Impact Test Techniques for Micron-sized Space Debris

微米级空间碎片对航天器的累积效应将对其性能造成严重的影响,国外已开展了相关的超高速撞击地面试验技术研究。针对微米级空间碎片特点,国外相继发展了激光驱动加速、粉尘静电加速、电炮加速和等离子体加速等四种主要的地面试验技术。主要介绍了四种试验技术的原理和方法以及国内外研究进展,并对上述试验技术的各自特点作了对比,对各自适用范围进行了讨论。

The impact accumulation effect on spacecraft of micron space debris could influence its normal flight and the ground test technologies had been developed in the past decades. There were mainly four kind of acceleration technologies used, including laser accelerated flyer technique, dust electrostatic acceleration technique, electric gun acceleration technique, and plasma drag acceleration technique. The principle and method of four kind of technologies were introduced and their developments were also investigated. By comparing their characteristics, the applicability of each method are discussed based on their capability that accelerate the size of space debris.