论湖南省泥盆系层控矿床的分类

ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE DEVONIAN-HOSTED STRATABOUND ORE DEPOSITS IN HUNAN PROVINCE

本文就不同学者所提出的层控矿床分类方案进行了综合评述,论述了作者们近年来研究湖南省泥盆系层控矿床提出的一种新的分类方案,将其分为沉积—改造型(简称改造型)、后成渗滤热液型(简称渗滤型)和岩浆热液叠加型(简称叠加型)三大类;然后根据矿种及成矿元素组合分成若干类,再根据矿体形态及矿体与赋矿地层的整合关系分成若干小类。并就湖南省泥盆系内产出的矿床作了具体划分,总结了各类矿床的特点与区分标志。改造型矿床主要是黄铁矿床,矿质来自泥盆系,成矿受沉积相和同沉积断裂控制,渗滤型矿床主要为铅锌、锑、金矿床,矿质来自下伏岩层,成矿受成岩后长期活动断裂控制,叠加型矿床主要为钨、铅锌、磁黄铁矿等矿床,矿质主要来自燕山期岩体,成矿受燕山期断裂和岩浆作用控制。该分类对指导层控矿床的找矿勘探具有重要意义。

This paper gives a synthetical review on the classification schemes of stratabound deposits proposed by different authors, and describes a new classification scheme for the Devonian-hosted stratabound deposits in Hunan province bascd on the studies in recent years, in which the stratabound deposits are classified into three megatypes, i. e., sedimentary-reformational type (reformational type in simple), epigenetic-infiltrated hydrothermal type(infiltration type in simple), magmatic hydrothermal-telescoping type(telescoping type in simple). Many types are divided according to the ore-forming element assemblage and ore species, and subtypes are distinguished according to the shape of orebody and the comformity relation between orebody and the ore-hosting strata. And a concrete classification is made for the Devonian-hosted stratabound deposits in Hunan province with a summary of the characteristics and discriminating criteria of each type. The reformational type is mainly pyrite deposits, its ore-forming material coming from the Devonian strata, its mineralization being controlled by the sedimentary facies and synsedimentary faults; The infiltration type is mainly lead-zinc, antimony and gold deposits, its ore-forming material coming from the underlying rock masses, the mineralization being controlled by postdiagenetic long-term active faults; the telescoping type deposits are mainly tungstern, leadzinc and pyrrhotite deposits, ore-forming material derived from Yanshanian magmatic masses, mineralization being controlled by Yanshanian faults and magmatism. This classification scheme is of great importance to the guidance of exploration and prospecting for stratabound ore deposits.