新疆艾比湖地区土地荒漠化时空格局的变化

Time and space distribution changes of land desertification in Aibinur Lake region of Xinjiang

新疆艾比湖地区在我国内陆荒漠自然生态系统中具有典型性和较高研究价值。利用RS及GIS手段对新疆艾比湖地区不同时期的卫星数据进行分析处理,提取各类土地荒漠化类型的时空分布特征信息。结果表明:艾比湖地区的荒漠化土地以盐渍荒漠化和风蚀荒漠化2大类型占绝对优势,按2000年分析结果,风蚀荒漠化土地面积占32.35%,盐渍荒漠化土地面积占54.49%,复合荒漠化土地面积占12.68%,水蚀荒漠化土地面积占0.48%;2000—2005年,艾比湖地区的总土地荒漠化面积减少了4.5%,其中,风蚀荒漠化土地面积减少了41.58%,盐渍荒漠化土地面积减少了2.85%,而复合荒漠化土地面积增加了82.9%;新疆艾比湖地区土地荒漠化的时空格局变化特征是,风蚀、盐渍化土地面积减少,复合荒漠化土地面积增加;土地荒漠化程度加重,复合荒漠化类型土地增加并向其他土地类型扩展。

The Aibinur lake region had great position for its ecology and geography. The land desertification in Aibinur lake region was monitored and analyzed based on the RS and GIS with the satellite data. The results showed that the desertification by wind-erosion and saltation have absolute superiority in Aibinur Lake region. According to the analysis of the data in 2000, the area of desertification by wind-erosion occupies 32.35 %, the area of desertification by saltation occupies 54.49%, the area of composite desertification occupies 12.68%, and water erosion desertification occupies 0.48%. From 2000 to 2005, the desertification area has reduced 4.5 %, the area of desertification by saltation has reduced 2.85 %, the area of wind-erosion reduced 41.58 %, but the area of composite desertification has increased 82.9 %. The degree of desertification tended to heavy in the whole. The time and space distribution changes in Aibinur lake region are that wind - erosion area and saltation area have reduced, the composite desertification area has increased.