自然侵蚀量和容许土壤流失量与水土流失治理标准

Natural soil erosion,soil loss tolerance and criterion of soil and water conservation

在总结分析国内有关自然侵蚀量、容许土壤流失量研究成果的基础上,探讨自然侵蚀量与容许土壤流失量的关系,讨论制订水土流失治理标准的思路。认为水土流失治理标准的确定有3个参考值:1)标准值,即一定条件下的容许土壤流失量,是水土流失治理至少要达到的目标,且随着对不同土地利用类型的功能需求与可实施的最佳水土保持措施、以及所在水土流失类型区的侵蚀危害与治理约束条件的不同而不同;2)理想值,即正常自然侵蚀状态下的土壤流失量;3)极端值,即土壤流失量为0,不发生水土流失。水土流失治理应是先控制到现时生态环境与社会经济条件下的容许土壤流失量范围内,逐步达到自然正常侵蚀量或制止水土流失的发生;还应引入环境伦理、环境美学及景观设计等理念,最终实现土地的可持续利用、区域生态系统的健康稳定及人与自然的和谐友好发展。

Based on the summarizing of domestic researches on natural soil erosion amount and soil loss tolerance, the relationship between them and the criterion of soil and water conservation were discussed. There are 3 reference values for ascertaining the criterion of soil and water conservation： 1）standard .value, i.e. soil loss tolerance, it is the goal that soil and water conservation at least need to achieve, and it is dissimilar with the function demand and enforceable optimal control measures of different land use, along with the risk of soil erosion and restriction for soil and water conservation in different regions; 2） ideal value, i.e. the soil loss amount in well-balanced natural condition; 3）extreme value, i.e. no loss of soil and water. The soil and water loss should be firstly controlled within the range corresponding to the ecological environment and social economy of the time, then gradually down to natural soil erosion, or even to no of loss of soil and water loss; the idea of environment ethnics, environment esthetics, and landscape design also should be introduced in the implementation of soil and water conservation, to ultimately actualizing the sustainable land use, healthy and stable regional ecosystem, and harmonious human-nature development.