论城乡土地要素流动对二元经济结构转换的影响——基于中国国情对刘易斯二元经济模型的修正

Research into effects of rural land transferring on dual economic structure improvement——Amendment on Lewis' dual economic model based on China's characteristics

刘易斯二元经济理论因揭示了资本形成的源泉而成为发展经济学的奠基性理论,但因其忽略了二元结构转换中的土地、技术、制度安排等要素以及不同发展中国家的国情而使其普适性大打折扣。在中国二元经济结构转换过程中,农村的劳动力和土地则同时向现代部门转移。据此,构建一个包含了土地要素流动的二元经济模型,可以得到两点重要的政策启示:第一,不能简单地寄希望于市场来改变"三农"的窘况,而应该借助市场经济以外的力量(如惠农的制度供给)来协同解决"三农"问题;第二,现行土地制度强化了土地要素配置的二元结构,实质上提高了土地要素流向现代部门的交易成本。

Lewis＇dual economic model becomes the foundamental theory of development economics which disclosed the source of capitalformation, but its popularization is limited becouse it neglected the factors as land, technology and institutional arrangement as well as the characteristics of the developing countries. In the process of China＇ s dual economic structure transition, rural land and labors move into modem urban sectors, and amend the traditional Lewis＇ dual economic model as new parameters entry. And this shows policy revelation below： ＂Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer＂ issues can only be solved by synergy of market power and institutional arrangement which is preferential for Chinese farmers; the land institutional arrangement encourages the dual economic structure based on rural land property arrangement which brings about increasing the transaction costs from rural sectors to modem urban sectors.