国内外废旧便携式电池的循环利用比较

Comparison of spent portable battery recycling at home and abroad

便携式电池包括一次电池和二次可充式电池,含有多种有色金属成分,如Ni,Cd,Zn,Mn,Li,Co,Cu,Ag等。我国已成为世界电池生产、消费和出口大国,电池的生产消耗了大量的有色金属资源,其中包括国内紧缺的镍、钴金属等。分析了不同废旧电池的成分,介绍了废旧电池处理的主要方法。通过了解发达国家或地区,如欧盟、日本、美国、加拿大,以及国内在废旧便携式电池管理方面的立法和循环利用现状,发现国内废旧便携式电池的回收管理和循环利用工作存在很大差距。其主要原因是缺乏有效的收集设施,还没有建立基本的回收体系,法律监管力度不够,责任明细不清,公民回收意识薄弱等。

Portable batteries which may consist of Ni,Cd,Zn,Mn,Li,Co, Cu or Ag elements, include primary batteries and secondary batteries. China has become a large nation of producer, consumer, as well as exporter of battery worldwide. Battery manufacture consumes large amounts of non-ferrous metals such as cobalt and nickel, while the shortages of cobalt and nickel resources are apparent in china recently years. The composition in spent portable batteries was analyzed, and the used recycling methods were also simply introduced. Based on the disclose of current status of legislation and recycling relating to spent portable batteries in EU, Japan, USA and Canada, it was found that the situation, why China lagged behind these developed countries greatly, was attributed to shortage of collection facilities, unfounded recycling system, lack of effective law supervision, unclear responsibility, weakness of citizen＇s recycling consciousness.