秦汉时期之伤寒热病理论溯源

Tracing Theories Origin of Cold-induced Febrile Diseases in Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉时期的伤寒热病概念,大致在"伤寒则病热"宗旨下发展。病名以伤寒为总称,包括狭义伤寒、中风、湿温、热病、温病,以及风温、暑病(中暑)、中湿,病因为伤寒。《内经》强调留邪病机,部位不一,提到三套辨证方法:六经辨证、皮肌骨热辨证及五脏热辨证。《难经》中提出"伤寒有五"。《伤寒杂病论》的论述重点放在中寒即发的"伤寒"方面,将其中的六经辨证法发展为灵活而相对完整的辨证论治体系。

The concept of cold-induced febrile diseases in Qin and Han dynasties developed under the guidance of the theory that cold damage will result in febrile diseases. Cold-induced febrile diseases were considered as a group of diseases caused by cold damage, including cold affection, wind affection, dampness-warmth, febrile disease, warm disease, wind-warmth, summerheat stroke, dampness affection. In Neifing, emphasis was laid on the pathogenesis of pathogenic factors remained in different parts of body and three methods of syndrome differentiation were introduced： six-meridian syndrome differentiation, skin-muscle-bone-heat syndrome differentiation and five-viscera- heat syndrome differentiation. In Nanjing, Cold-induced febrile diseases were divided into five categories. In Shanghan Zabing Lun, more attention was paid to the febrile diseases induced by cold directly and the six-meridian syndrome differentiation developed into a flexible and comprehensive theoretical system.