堰塞湖应急排险中的爆破技术

Blasting technique for emergency risk-elimination of landslide dam

交通困难、机械设备无法到达,是堰塞湖应急排险的最大难题。采用爆破方式炸开缺口泄流就成了这一类堰塞湖应急排险的有效手段。文中叙述了根据不同堰塞体结构所确定的不同爆破方式,在实际施工中,对块石堰体采用裸露接触爆破、对土质堰体采用人工挖孔抛掷爆破的方案取得了较好效果,为堰塞湖的抢险处理提供了可以借鉴的经验。

The difficult traffic is the most difficult problem during the emergency risk-elimination construction of landslide dam created during Wenchuan Earthquake, and then the construction equipments can not be transported to the site. Under this circumstance, blasting for excavating a water discharging gap on the body of the landslide dam became an effective method for the excavation. During the actual construction, various blasting methods were determined for different landslide dam bodies, i.e. the exposed and contact blasting was applied to excavate the dam body consisting of large block-stones ; casting blast with manual hole was used for earth dam body etc. , from which not only better construction effects are obtained, but some referencable experiences for the similar emergency treatments of landslide dams are also provided.