家庭暴力施暴者精神创伤的初步研究

Characteristics of traumas and PTSD symptom among perpetrators of domestic violence

目的调查家庭暴力施暴者精神创伤的特征，及其与创伤后应激症状的关系。方法在四川绵阳市某社区确立有严重躯体家庭暴力的男性施暴者50人，选取年龄、受教育程度和家庭结构相匹配的无家庭暴力的男性健康对照组80人。运用创伤性生活事件问卷和访谈相结合的技术评估他们的精神创伤经历；事件影响量表-修订版（IES—R）评估创伤后应激症状。结果（1）80％的施暴组至少经历3件或以上的多重创伤，高于对照组（46．2％）；平均事件数量中位数多于对照组（分别为5．5和3件），均差异有显著性（χ^2=21．70，P=0.000；Z=3．94，P=0．003）。（2）与对照组相比，施暴组经历了更多的创伤类型：亲人的突然死亡（χ^2=3．74）、目睹家庭暴力（χ^2=6．24）、被亲密伴侣殴打（χ^2=10．06）以及儿童期性虐待（χ^2=4．53～8．45），均差异有显著性（均P〈0．05）。（3）施暴组IES—R总分和各亚症状分，均高于对照组（均P〈0．05），但IES．R总分与创伤数量无关（P〉0．05）。结论家庭暴力施暴者有相当普遍的精神创伤经历和突出的创伤后应激症状；对他们进行精神创伤的筛查和相应干预很有必要。

Objective To explore characteristics of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder （VFSD） symptom among perpetrators of domestic violence （DV）. Methods A structured psychiatric interview, self-report Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire （TLEQ） and Impact of Event Scale-revised（IES-R） were administered to 50 male perpetrators of DV and 80 controls matched by age, education and family structure,who were selected from certain community in Mianyang city, Sichuan province, China. Results （ 1 ） 80% of perpetrators of DV （n = 40） had experienced more than three traumatic events, significantly higher than that in the controls （46.2%） （χ^2 = 21.70, P = 0.000）, and the mean number of traumatic events in perpetrators of DV was significantly higher than that in the controls （ 5.5 ： 3 ; Z = 3.94, P = 0. 000）, （ 2 ） The perpetrators of DV had experienced more types of traumatic events than the controls, such as sudden death of a close friend or a loved one（χ^2 = 3.74） , witness to domestic violence （χ^2= 6.24 ） , intimate partner abuse （χ^2 = 10.06 ） and childhood sexual abuse （χ^2 = 4.53 - 8.45 ） ,with all significant differences （P 〈 0. 05 ）, （3） The total score of IES-R and its＇ three subscale sores among perpetrators of DV were all significantly higher than those among the controls （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion In the perpetrators of DV,exposure to traumatic events were very common. The importance of screening and early intervention and prevention programmes for psychological traumas among perpetrators of DV was highly emphasized.