风险情境中血缘关系对风险决策的影响

The role of kin on risky decision making

目的探讨风险情境中的血缘关系对风险决策的影响。方法采用生死问题决策问卷，以整群抽样的方式，抽取683名大学生，将其随机分成15组。结果正、负框架之间出现框架效应的是2-4组（χ^2=10．83）、3—3组（χ^2=20．78）和6-0组（χ^2=7．47），3组均在负面框架下风险选择人数最多，分别为37（78．7％）、40（93．0％）和37（82．2％），差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）；与基线水平比较发现，仅在正面框架与基线水平间出现效应的是2-4组（χ^2=5．39）和6-0组（χ^2=5．83），差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）；正面、负面均与基线水平间出现框架效应的是3-3组（χ^2=4．09；7．91），正面、负面与平衡框架下风险选择人数分别为23（48．9％）、40（93．0％）和32（69．6％），差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。此外，女性框架效应发生在2-4组（χ^2=13．09）、3-3组（χ^2=18．09）和6-0组（χ^2=6．189），均差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；男性仅在3-3组出现框架效应（χ^2=13．09，P〈0．01）。结论血缘关系是影响决策的重要因素，风险情境中不同的人员构成会导致不同的风险偏好。

Objective To study the effects of kin on risky decision-making. Methods By means of cluster sampling,683 undergraduates from a university were investigated with life-death problem. The participants were assigned to one of the fifteen groups. Result Framing effects between positive and negative frame occurred in 2-4 （ χ^2 = 10. 83 ） ,3-3 （χ^2 = 20.78） and 6-0 （χ^2 = 7.47 ） group contexts. Under negative frame,the number of people who selected risky option was 37 （78.7 % ） ,40 （93.0%） and 37 （82.2%） , respectively. Significant difference was all found （ P〈0.01 ）. Compared with the baseline level of risk preference,framing effects between positive and balanced frame only occurred in 2-4 （χ^2 = 5.39 ） and 6-0 （χ^2 = 5.83 ） group contexts, Framing effects all occurred between positive or negative and balanced frame in 3-3 group contexts （χ^2 =4.09; 7.91 ）. Under positive, negative and balanced frames, the number of people who selected risky option were 23 （48.9%） ,40（93.0% ） and 32（69.6% ）, respectively. The results showed significant difference （P 〈 0. 05 ）, Additionally, the results showed that women exhibited framing effects on 2-4 （χ^2 = 13.09） ,3-3 （χ^2 = 18.09 ）and 6-0 （χ^2 = 6. 185 ）groups. Significant difference aIl occurred（P 〈0.05） ; men only exhibited framing effect on 3-3 （χ^2= 13.09, P 〈 0.01 ） group context. Conclusion The kin had an important effect on risk preference. The different risky preference occurred in different group context.